Resin is a class of high molecular weight organic compounds with diverse physical and chemical properties, ranging from liquid to solid states. As a cornerstone of modern materials science, resins are divided into natural resins (e.g., rosin, amber, shellac, derived from plants or animals) and synthetic resins (chemically synthesized from petroleum, natural gas, or biomass raw materials). Synthetic resins dominate industrial applications due to their customizable performance, stable supply, and cost-effectiveness.